Before the Blue Bin: The Scrappy, Surprisingly Effective Recycling Economy America Threw Away
Before municipal recycling programs and curbside bins, American cities ran on a thriving informal economy of ragpickers, scrap buyers, and itinerant collectors who kept almost nothing out of the landfill — and paid households for the privilege. It worked remarkably well. Then we dismantled it. Now sustainability researchers are quietly studying how to bring pieces of it back.